巴菲特致股东的信(2024年)⑤惊喜,惊喜!一项重要的美国纪录被打破了


Surprise, Surprise! An Important American Record is Smashed

惊喜,惊喜!一项重要的美国纪录被打破了

Sixty years ago, present management took control of Berkshire. That move was a mistake – my mistake – and one that plagued us for two decades. Charlie, I should emphasize, spotted my obvious error immediately: Though the price I paid for Berkshire looked cheap, its business – a large northern textile operation – was headed for extinction.

六十年前,现任管理层接管了伯克希尔。这个决定是一个错误——我的错误——并困扰了我们整整二十年。我必须强调,查理当即就看穿了我犯下的明显错误:尽管我为伯克希尔支付的价格看起来很便宜,但它的业务——一家大型北方纺织企业——正走向消亡。

The U.S. Treasury, of all places, had already received silent warnings of Berkshire’s destiny. In 1965, the company did not pay a dime of income tax, an embarrassment that had generally prevailed at the company for a decade. That sort of economic behavior may be understandable for glamorous startups, but it’s a blinking yellow light when it happens at a venerable pillar of American industry. Berkshire was headed for the ash can.

美国财政部——偏偏是这个地方——早已收到了关于伯克希尔命运的无声警告。1965年,公司没有缴纳过一分钱的所得税,而这一令人尴尬的局面在此前已持续了十年。这种经济表现对于光鲜的新创企业或许情有可原,但发生在一家德高望重的美国工业支柱身上,就是亮起了黄灯。伯克希尔正在走向垃圾堆。

Fast forward 60 years and imagine the surprise at the Treasury when that same company – still operating under the name of Berkshire Hathaway – paid far more in corporate income tax than the U.S. government had ever received from any company – even the American tech titans that commanded market values in the trillions.

快进60年。试想一下,当年那家公司——至今仍以伯克希尔·哈撒韦之名运营——缴纳的企业所得税比美国政府从任何公司收到的都要多得多时,财政部该有多么惊讶——即便是市值达数万亿美元的美国科技巨头也从未缴过这么多。

To be precise, Berkshire last year made four payments to the IRS that totaled $26.8 billion. That’s about 5% of what all of corporate America paid. (In addition, we paid sizable amounts for income taxes to foreign governments and to 44 states.)

确切地说,伯克希尔去年向美国国税局 (IRS) 分四次缴税,总计268亿美元。这大约占全美企业所得税总额的5%。(此外,我们还向外国政府和44个州缴纳了可观的所得税。)

Note one crucial factor allowing this record-shattering payment: Berkshire shareholders during the same 1965-2024 period received only one cash dividend. On January 3, 1967, we disbursed our sole payment – $101,755 or 10¢ per A share. (I can’t remember why I suggested this action to Berkshire’s board of directors. Now it seems like a bad dream.)

请注意一个促成这项破纪录税款的关键因素:在1965年至2024年的同一时期内,伯克希尔股东仅收到过一次现金分红。1967年1月3日,我们发放了唯一的一次股息——共计101,755美元,即每股A类股10美分。(我不记得当初为什么向伯克希尔董事会提出这个建议。现在想来简直像一场噩梦。)

For sixty years, Berkshire shareholders endorsed continuous reinvestment and that enabled the company to build its taxable income. Cash income-tax payments to the U.S. Treasury, miniscule in the first decade, now aggregate more than $101 billion . . . and counting.

六十年来,伯克希尔股东支持公司持续将利润再投资,这使得公司得以不断壮大应税收入。向美国财政部缴纳的现金所得税在最初十年几乎微不足道,而如今累计已超过1010亿美元……并且还在持续增长中。


Huge numbers can be hard to visualize. Let me recast the $26.8 billion that we paid last year.

巨大的数字有时很难直观想象。让我换个方式来描述我们去年缴纳的那268亿美元税款。

If Berkshire had sent the Treasury a $1 million check every 20 minutes throughout all of 2024 – visualize 366 days and nights because 2024 was a leap year – we still would have owed the federal government a significant sum at yearend. Indeed, it would be well into January before the Treasury would tell us that we could take a short breather, get some sleep, and prepare for our 2025 tax payments.

假如伯克希尔在整个2024年——请想象366个日日夜夜,因为2024是闰年——每隔20分钟就向财政部寄出一张100万美元的支票,到年底我们仍然会欠联邦政府一大笔钱。事实上,要到次年1月中旬,财政部才会通知我们可以暂时歇口气、睡个觉,然后准备缴纳2025年的税款。

〔译文源于芒格书院整理的巴菲特致股东的信〕

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