巴菲特致股东的信（2005年）⑩管理继任

Management Succession

管理继任

As owners, you are naturally concerned about whether I will insist on continuing as CEO after I begin to fade and, if so, how the board will handle that problem. You also want to know what happens if I should die tonight.

作为伯克希尔公司的所有者，你们自然会十分关心，如果我的精力开始日渐衰退之后是否会继续坚持担任CEO，以及如果果真如此，董事会将如何处理这个问题？你们也想知道如果我今晚突然与世长辞，公司将会如何运作？

That second question is easy to answer. Most of our many businesses have strong market positions, significant momentum, and terrific managers. The special Berkshire culture is deeply ingrained throughout our subsidiaries, and these operations won’t miss a beat when I die.

第二个问题很容易回答，我们旗下的绝大多数公司拥有强大的市场地位、强劲的发展动力、非常杰出的经理人，伯克希尔独特的企业文化已经深植于每个子公司之中，即使我去世，它们的业务经营也不会出半点差错。

Moreover, we have three managers at Berkshire who are reasonably young and fully capable of being CEO. Any of the three would be much better at certain management aspects of my job than I. On the minus side, none has my crossover experience that allows me to be comfortable making decisions in either the business arena or in investments. That problem will be solved by having another person in the organization handle marketable securities. That’s an interesting job at Berkshire, and the new CEO will have no problem in hiring a talented individual to do it. Indeed, that’s what we have done at GEICO for 26 years, and our results have been terrific.

除此之外，在伯克希尔，我们拥有三位相当年轻而且完全胜任 CEO 的经理人，这三位经理人中的任何一位在我的工作范围之内的某一管理方面都要远胜于我，但不利的一面是，他们之中没有一人具备我所独有的广泛的跨界经验，这种经验使我在商业和投资领域都能从容地作出正确的决策。解决这一问题的办法是，在公司内部指定另一位人士专门负责有价证券的投资工作。在伯克希尔，这是一件十分有趣的工作，新的 CEO 毫无问题将会选择一位聪明能干的人士来负责这项投资工作。实际上，这正和我们过去 26 年在 GEICO 公司所做的完全一模一样，我们这样做的结果简直是好极了。

Berkshire’s board has fully discussed each of the three CEO candidates and has unanimously agreed on the person who should succeed me if a replacement were needed today. The directors stay updated on this subject and could alter their view as circumstances change – new managerial stars may emerge and present ones will age. The important point is that the directors know now – and will always know in the future – exactly what they will do when the need arises.

伯克希尔董事会已经充分讨论过这三位 CEO 候选人中的每一位，而且就接替我的最终人选已经全体一致达成决议。董事们就此问题继续根据最新情况对决议进行更新，如果情况发生变化，可能将会改变他们的看法，新的管理明星可能会升起，原来的管理明星则会陨落。重要的一点是，董事们现在完全知道，且未来也会知道，如果需要的话，他们应该做些什么。

The other question that must be addressed is whether the Board will be prepared to make a change if that need should arise not from my death but rather from my decay, particularly if this decay is accompanied by my delusionally thinking that I am reaching new peaks of managerial brilliance. That problem would not be unique to me. Charlie and I have faced this situation from time to time at Berkshire’s subsidiaries. Humans age at greatly varying rates – but sooner or later their talents and vigor decline. Some managers remain effective well into their 80s – Charlie is a wonder at 82 – and others noticeably fade in their 60s. When their abilities ebb, so usually do their powers of self-assessment. Someone else often needs to blow the whistle.

另一个需要处理的问题是，如果更换 CEO 的需要，不是由于我的去世，而是由于我的智力衰退，尤其是与这种衰退随之而来的是我虚妄地认为我正处于个人管理才华的一个新的高峰时，董事会是否将会准备好作出变化。在伯克希尔下属企业中，我和查理一次又一次遇到这种情况。人老化的速度差别非常大，但或早或晚他们的智力和精力都会衰减，有些经理人在进入 80 岁高龄之后仍然生龙活虎……查理本人就是一个 82 岁的神奇经理人。但其他经理人刚刚年满 60 岁就明显地出现衰退，当他们的能力衰退之时，他们自我评估的能力也往往相应衰减，有些还需要经常在其耳边鸣笛警告。

When that time comes for me, our board will have to step up to the job. From a financial standpoint, its members are unusually motivated to do so. I know of no other board in the country in which the financial interests of directors are so completely aligned with those of shareholders. Few boards even come close. On a personal level, however, it is extraordinarily difficult for most people to tell someone, particularly a friend, that he or she is no longer capable.

当这种情况出现在我的身上之时，我们的董事会将不得不出面接替我的工作。从财务的观点来看，董事会成员很少有此动机作出如此举动。据我所知，没有其他任何一家美国公司董事会中的董事与股东们的财务利益如此完全紧密地结合在一起，少数董事甚至关系更为紧密。可是在私人关系层面上，对于大多数人来说，要告诉别人尤其是一个朋友，他(她)已经能力不济，实在是件特别难以启齿的事。

If I become a candidate for that message, however, our board will be doing me a favor by delivering it. Every share of Berkshire that I own is destined to go to philanthropies, and I want society to reap the maximum good from these gifts and bequests. It would be a tragedy if the philanthropic potential of my holdings was diminished because my associates shirked their responsibility to (tenderly, I hope) show me the door. But don’t worry about this. We have an outstanding group of directors, and they will always do what’s right for shareholders.

如果我开始成为这一信息的候选人，我们的董事会将善意地实言相告。我所拥有的每一股股票都已经事先指定捐赠给慈善事业，我希望整个社会能够从这些生前赠予和死后遗赠中收获到最大限度的好处。如果由于我的合作伙伴们逃避责任，没有告诉我我应该离开了(我希望他们说得温和一些)，那将是一场悲剧。但不必为此担心，我们拥有一群非常杰出的董事，他们总是能够做出对于股东来说最为正确之事。

And while we are on the subject, I feel terrific.

谈及此事时，我的感觉好极了。