巴菲特致股东的信(2008年)③业绩衡量


Yardsticks

业绩衡量

Berkshire has two major areas of value. The first is our investments: stocks, bonds and cash equivalents. At yearend those totaled $122 billion (not counting the investments held by our finance and utility operations, which we assign to our second bucket of value). About $58.5 billion of that total is funded by our insurance float.

伯克希尔的价值主要来自两个领域。首先是我们的投资:股票、债券和类现金。到年底时,这部分资产价值为 1220 亿美元(其中不包含由我们旗下的金融部门和公用事业子公司持有的投资,这些被列入第二部分价值)。其中有 585 亿美元的投资,来自于我们保险业务浮存金(48%资金来自零成本杠杆)。

Berkshire’s second component of value is earnings that come from sources other than investments and insurance. These earnings are delivered by our 67 non-insurance companies, itemized on page 96. We exclude our insurance earnings from this calculation because the value of our insurance operation comes from the investable funds it generates, and we have already included this factor in our first bucket.

伯克希尔的第二部分价值来自于除投资和保险业务之外的盈利来源。这部分收益来自我们 67 家非保险公司。我们把保险业务排除在外,是因为保险业的价值在于它产生的可投资资金,我们将其归类于第一部分。

In 2008, our investments fell from $90,343 per share of Berkshire (after minority interest) to $77,793, a decrease that was caused by a decline in market prices, not by net sales of stocks or bonds. Our second segment of value fell from pre-tax earnings of $4,093 per Berkshire share to $3,921 (again after minority interest).

2008 年,伯克希尔的投资规模(剔除少数股东权益),从每股 90343 美元下跌到 77793 美元,这种下降主要由整体市场的暴跌引发,而不是由于市场对股票或债券的抛售。第二部分价值每股税前收益从 4093 美元下降到3921 美元。

Both of these performances are unsatisfactory. Over time, we need to make decent gains in each area if we are to increase Berkshire’s intrinsic value at an acceptable rate. Going forward, however, our focus will be on the earnings segment, just as it has been for several decades. We like buying underpriced securities, but we like buying fairly-priced operating businesses even more.

两个部分的表现都不让人满意。如果我们希望以一个可接受的速率增加伯克希尔的固定资产价值,我们需要在每个领域内都取得可观的增长。当然,我们会始终聚焦在能带来持续利润的领域,正如我们数十年来一直做的那样。我们喜欢购买那些被低估的安全资产,但是我们更喜欢购买那些价格公道的公司。

Now, let’s take a look at the four major operating sectors of Berkshire. Each of these has vastly different balance sheet and income account characteristics. Therefore, lumping them together, as is done in standard financial statements, impedes analysis. So we’ll present them as four separate businesses, which is how Charlie and I view them.

现在让我们看看伯克希尔的四个主要运营部分。每一领域的资产负债表结构和收入计算方法都迥然不同。因此,把它们合并到一起,如标准的金融报告所做的那样,只会妨碍我们的分析。因此我们把它们分成四个独立部分,查理和我正是如此想的。

〔译文源于芒格书院整理的巴菲特致股东的信〕

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