巴菲特致合伙人的信（1970年2月25日）①如何购买和保管免税债券

February 25th, 1970

1970年2月25日

To My Partners:

This letter will attempt to provide a very elementary education regarding tax-exempt bonds with emphasis on the types and maturities of bonds which we expect to help partners in purchasing next month. If you expect to use our help in the purchase of bonds, it is important that you carefully read (and, if necessary , reread) this letter as it will serve as background for the specific purchases I suggest. If you disagree with me as to conclusions regarding types of bonds or maturities (and you would have been right and I would have been wrong if you had disagreed with me on the latter point either one or two years ago), you may well be correct, but we cannot be of assistance to you in the purchase of bonds outside our area. We will simply have our hands full concentrating in our recommended area, so will be unavailable to assist or advise in the purchase of convertible bonds, corporate bonds or short term issues.

致各位合伙人：

在这封信中，我要讲一些关于免税债券的基础知识。我们下个月要帮合伙人购买债券，这里主要讲一下我们要购买的债券的类型和期限。如果你希望找我们帮忙买债券，请务必仔细读这封信，有不懂的地方，请多读几遍。因为有了这封信里的基础知识，你才能听明白我给出的具体购买建议。我在信中会讲到债券的类别和期限，如果你认为我说的不对，很可能你是对的。我们只能向你推荐我们觉得合适的，你和我们的看法不一样，我们就帮不上忙了。我们没办法帮各位购买可转债、公司债或短期债券，只是推荐我们选好的债券，对我们来说就已经是很大的工作量了。

I have tried to boil this letter down as much as possible. Some of it will be a little weighty - some a little oversimplified. I apologize for the shortcomings in advance. I have a feeling I am trying to put all the meat of a 100 page book in 10 pages - and have it read like the funny papers.

在这封信里，我尽量只挑重要的写。有的地方可能讲得多了一些，有些地方可能讲得太简单了。有写的不合适的地方，我先在这里请各位谅解。写这封信的时候，我感觉我要把一本100页的书中的精华浓缩到10页里，而且还要写的通俗易懂。

I am sure you understand that our aid in the purchase of bonds will involve no future assistance regarding either these specific bonds or general investment decisions. I want to be available at this time to be of help because of the unusual amount of cash you have received in one distribution from us. I have no desire to be in the investment counseling business, directly or indirectly, and will not be available for discussion of financial matters after March 31st.

我相信各位都很清楚，我们这次帮大家购买债券，但是我们将来不会再给大家提供关于这些债券或其他投资决策的帮助。这次我希望能帮到大家，是因为在进行了现金分配后，各位收到了一大笔资金。我不想再从事投资咨询工作了，无论是直接的，还是间接的。3月31日以后，本人概不接受任何理财问题。

The mechanics of Tax-Free Bonds.

For those who wish our help, we will arrange the purchase of bonds directly from municipal bond dealers throughout the country and have them confirm sale of the bonds directly to you. The confirmation should be saved as a basic document for tax purposes. You should not send a check to the bond dealer since he will deliver the bonds to your bank, along with a draft which the bank will pay by charging your account with them. In the case of bonds purchased in the secondary market (issues already outstanding), this settlement date will usually be about a week after confirmation date whereas, on new issues, the settlement date may be as much as a month later. The settlement date is shown plainly on the confirmation ticket (in the case of new issues this will be the second and final ticket rather than the preliminary "when issued" ticket), and you should have the funds at your bank ready to pay for the bonds on the settlement date. If you presently own Treasury Bills, they can be sold on a couple of days notice by your bank upon your instructions, so you should experience no problems in having the money available on time. Interest begins to accrue to you on the settlement date, even if the bond dealer is late in getting them delivered to your bank.

免税债券机制

对于希望我们提供帮助的合伙人，我们会安排通过业务范围遍布全国的市政债券交易商直接购买债券，并让它们确认将债券直接销售给合伙人。各位应当妥善保存确认书，作为税收申报材料。各位无需向债券交易商寄送支票，债券交易商会把债券直接交付到各位的银行名下，银行直接从你们的账户中扣除相应款项。对于在二级市场买入的债券（已流通品种），交收日一般是确认日的一周以后。对于新发行的品种，交收日最长可能是一个月以后。交收日期显示在确认单上（对于新发行的品种，确认单是第二张，也是最后一张凭单，不是最开始的那张“发行时”凭单）。你应当在银行中留足资金，为交收日支付债券款项做好准备。如果你目前持有国债，只要通知银行，一两天就能卖出去，所以你有足够的时间准备购买债券的资金。利息从交收日开始累计，即使债券交易商将债券交付给银行的日期晚于交收日也是如此。

Bonds will be delivered in negotiable form (so-called "bearer" form which makes them like currency) with coupons attached. Usually the bonds are in $5,000 denominations and frequently they can be exchanged for registered bonds (sometimes at considerable expense and sometimes free-it depends upon the terms). Bonds in registered form are nonnegotiable without assignment by you, since you are the registered owner on the Transfer Agent's books. Bonds trade almost exclusively on a bearer basis and it is virtually impossible to sell registered bonds without converting them back into bearer form. Thus, unless you are going to own great physical quantities of bonds. I recommend keeping bonds in bearer form. This means keeping them in a very safe place and clipping the coupons every six months. Such coupons, when clipped, can be deposited in your bank account just like checks. If you have $250,000 in bonds, this probably means about fifty separate pieces of paper ($5,000 denominations) and perhaps six or eight trips a year to the safe deposit section to cut and deposit coupons.

债券如同货币一样，采用无记名形式，可以转让。债券上附有息票。债券的面额一般为5,000美元一张，一般可以转换为记名债券（有的债券转换为记名债券需要支付一笔费用，有的可以免费转换，具体要看债券的条款）。就记名债券而言，你是注册代理人名册中的注册持有人，没你的签名，记名债券不可转让。债券基本上都是采用不记名的方式交易的。如果持有记名债券，不转换为不记名债券的话，很难卖出去。除非是你的实体债券太多，都管不过来，我建议你还是采用不记名的形式。这样的话，债券一定要存放在非常安全的地方，而且每六个月剪一次息票。息票剪下后可以像支票一样存在银行。如果你买了250,000美元的债券，大概就是50张（每张面值5,000美元），每年可能要打开保险柜六次或八次，将息票剪下并存到银行。

It is also possible to open a custody account with a bank where, for a fairly nominal cost, they will keep the bonds, collect the interest and preserve your records for you. For example, a bank will probably perform the custodial service for you for about $200 a year on a $250,000 portfolio. If you are interested in a custodial account, you should talk to a Trust Officer at your commercial bank as to the nature of their services and cost. Otherwise, you should have a safe deposit box.

你也可以在银行开一个委托保管账户，花不了多少钱，银行可以替你保管债券、收息并保留记录。以250,000美元的投资组合为例，在银行开设委托保管服务的费用是每年200美元左右。如果想开设委托保管账户，请联系附近商业银行的信托业务员，了解相关服务和费用。要是自己管理的话，应该放在保险箱里。