巴菲特致股东的信（1973年）①纺织业②保险业

To the Stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway Inc.:

Our financial results for 1973 were satisfactory, with operating earnings of $11,930,592, producing a return of 17.4% on beginning stockholders’ equity. Although operating earnings improved from $11.43 to $12.18 per share, earnings on equity decreased from the 19.8% of 1972. This decline occurred because the gain in earnings was not commensurate with the increase in shareholders’ investment. We had forecast in last year’s report that such a decline was likely. Unfortunately, our forecast proved to be correct.

致伯克希尔·哈撒韦公司的全体股东：

1973年我们的财务状况是比较令人满意的。营业利润11,930,592美元，初始股东权益的回报率达17.4%。虽然每股的营业利润从11.43美元上升至12.18美元，但和1972年的19.8%的利润率相比，权益利润有所下跌。这是因为股东投资的增加并不相当于利润的增加。在去年的年度报告中我们预料到了出现这种情况的可能性。很不幸，我们的预测成为了现实。

Our textile, banking, and most insurance operations had good years, but certain segments of the insurance business turned in poor results. Overall, our insurance business continues to be a most attractive area in which to employ capital.

我们的纺织、银行，和大部分的保险业务表现都不错，但保险业某些特定的部门却有些不尽如人意。总体上来说，保险仍将继续是投入资金的最理想的行业之一。

Management’s objective is to achieve a return on capital over the long term which averages somewhat higher than that of American industry generally—while utilizing sound accounting and debt policies. We have achieved this goal in the last few years, and are trying to take those steps which will enable us to maintain this performance in the future. Prospects for 1974 indicate some further decline in rate of return on our enlarged capital base.

管理层的目标是，在运用合理的会计和债务政策的同时，长期的资金回报率能够平均高于国内行业整体的回报率。过去的几年我们一直保持了这样的成绩，也正在努力采取各种措施帮助我们继续维持这一成绩。预计1974年我们的资本金仍将面临回报率的进一步下降。

Textile Operations

Textile demand remained unusually strong throughout 1973. Our main problems revolved around shortages of fiber, which complicated operations and resulted in something less than full utilization of loom capacity. Prices of some fibers skyrocketed during the year.

纺织业

1973年对纺织品的需求还是非常之大的。问题主要是纤维的短缺，需要复杂操作流程的纤维短缺就使机器生产能力的运用显得不那么充分。某些纤维的价格在这一年飙升。

Cost of Living Council regulations prevented the pricing of many finished products at levels of some of our competitors. However, profits were reasonably commensurate with our capital investment, although below those that apparently might have been achieved had we been able to price at market levels. The textile business has been highly cyclical and price controls may have served to cut down some of the hills while still leaving us with the inevitable valleys.

价格管制委员会的规定使很多制成品的价格没有达到我们某些竞争对手的定位。但是利润回报跟我们的资金投入相比还是合理的，虽然如果我们按照市场水平定价的话回报可能会更高一些。纺织业有很强的周期性，价格管制会帮助清除很多的障碍，但也会带来其他一些副作用。

Because of the extraordinary price rises in raw materials during 1973, which show signs of continuing in 1974, we have elected to adopt the “lifo” method of inventory pricing. This method more nearly matches current costs against current revenues, and minimizes inventory “profits” included in reported earnings. Further information on this change is included in the footnotes to our financial statements.

由于1973年原材料的价格飞涨（这一趋势1974年有望继续），我们决定采用存货估价的'后进先出法'。这种方法能够更好的反映当前的成本，并使得报告利润中的存货“利润”最小化。关于这一改变更多的信息，可以查看我们财务报表的附注部分。

Insurance Operations

During 1973, Jack Ringwalt retired as President of National Indemnity Company after an absolutely brilliant record since founding the business in 1940. He was succeeded by Phil Liesche who, fortunately for us, possesses the same underwriting and managerial philosophy that worked so well for Jack.

保险业

1973年，Jack Ringwalt从国家赔付总裁的职务上退休。这家公司自1940年创立以来，Jack给它带来了绝佳的营业记录。接替他的是Phil Liesche,很幸运的是，在保险和管理方面，他坚持着和Jack一样的做事方式。

Our traditional business, specialized auto and general liability lines conducted through National Indemnity Company and National Fire and Marine Insurance Company, had an exceptionally fine underwriting year during 1973. We again experienced a decline in volume. Competition was intense, and we passed up the chance to match rate-cutting by more optimistic underwriters. There currently are faint indications that some of these competitors are learning of the inadequacy of their rates (and also of their loss reserves) which may result in easing of market pressures as the year develops. If so, we may again experience volume increases.

我们主要的保险业务是国家赔付和国家火险经营的汽车和一般责任险。这两项业务1973年的承保状况都非常好。但业务额还是又一次下降了。竞争很激烈，我们放弃了像一些乐观的承保者那样降低利率的机会。目前有些微弱的迹象表明这些人中的一些已经意识到了他们利率（以及损失储备）的不足。或许这可以缓解市场上的压力。如果真是这样的话，那我们就可以期望交易额的上升了。

Our reinsurance operation had a somewhat similar year—good underwriting experience, but difficulty in maintaining previous volume levels. This operation, guided by the tireless and well-directed efforts of George Young, has been a major profit producer since its inception in 1969.

再保险业务也差不多面临了同样的局面——整体表现不错，但很难达到之前的交易额水平。由兢兢业业的George Young领导的这一部门，自其1969年成立起就一直是主要的盈利部门。

Our “home state” insurance companies made excellent progress in Nebraska and Minnesota, with both good growth in volume and acceptable loss ratios. We began operations late in the year in Iowa. To date, our big problem has been Texas. In that state we virtually had to start over during 1973 as the initial management we selected proved incapable of underwriting successfully. The Texas experience has been expensive, and we still have our work cut out for us. Overall, however, the home state operation appears to have a promising potential.

本土化保险公司在Nebraska和Minnesota两州的发展很好，业务量有了显著增长，亏损率也在可接受范围内。年底Iowa的业务也已展开。最大的问题在Texas，由于原来的管理层无法有效地成功地经营，我们必须重新开始。这样做的代价是很高昂的，我们的工作会十分艰巨。但是，从总体来看，本土化业务有着巨大的潜力。

Our specialized urban auto operation, Home and Automobile Insurance Company, experienced very poor underwriting in Chicago during 1973. It would appear that rates are inadequate in our primary Cook County marketing area, although the current energy situation confuses the picture. The question is whether possible lowered accident frequency because of reduced driving will more than offset continuing inflation in medical and repair costs, as well as jury awards. We believe that inflation will hurt us more than reduced driving will help us, but some of our competitors appear to believe otherwise.

主营城市汽车保险的家庭与汽车保险公司这一年在芝加哥的经营状况很差。看起来在Cook County这一主要营业地区的利率是不够充分的，尽管当前的能源局势让事情更加复杂。问题在于降低了的事故发生频率（石油价格上升，人们驾车出行次数相对减少）是否会抵消医疗和修理赔付价格的上升。我们认为，相对于事故低发于我们的帮助，价格上升对我们的冲击更大，但貌似一些竞争对手不这么认为。

Home and Auto expanded into Florida and California during the year, but it is too early to know how these moves will prove out financially.

家庭与汽车保险公司在这一年将业务拓展到了Florida和California两周，但目前还不能确定这样做会不会带来收益。

A contributing factor in our unsatisfactory earnings at Home and Auto during 1973 was an accounting system which was not bringing information to management on a sufficiently timely basis.

家庭与汽车保险公司业绩较差的其中一个影响因素是会计系统，它不能有效及时的把信息反映到管理层。

On the investment side of our insurance operation, we made substantial additional commitments in common stocks during 1973. We had significant unrealized depreciation—over $12 million— in our common stock holdings at year-end, as indicated in our financial statements. Nevertheless, we believe that our common stock portfolio at cost represents good value in terms of intrinsic business worth. In spite of the large unrealized loss at year-end, we would expect satisfactory results from the portfolio over the longer term.

这一年保险公司的投资也过多地集中于普通股，这就使年底普通股股份出现了超过1200万美元的浮亏，这个可以在财务报表上看到。但是我们相信，从企业内在价值看我们持有的普通股投资组合是物有所值的。虽然在年末出现了大量的未实付损失，但从更长远来看，这一投资组合会给我们带来满意的收益。

Our textile, banking, and most insurance operations had good years, but certain segments of the insurance business turned in poor results. Overall, our insurance business continues to be a most attractive area in which to employ capital.

Textile Operations Textile demand remained unusually strong throughout 1973. Our main problems revolved around shortages of fiber, which complicated operations and resulted in something less than full utilization of loom capacity. Prices of some fibers skyrocketed during the year.

Our reinsurance operation had a somewhat similar year—good underwriting experience, but difficulty in maintaining previous volume levels. This operation, guided by the tireless and well-directed efforts of George Young, has been a major profit producer since its inception in 1969.

Home and Auto expanded into Florida and California during the year, but it is too early to know how these moves will prove out financially.

A contributing factor in our unsatisfactory earnings at Home and Auto during 1973 was an accounting system which was not bringing information to management on a sufficiently timely basis.

Textile Operations

Textile demand remained unusually strong throughout 1973. Our main problems revolved around shortages of fiber, which complicated operations and resulted in something less than full utilization of loom capacity. Prices of some fibers skyrocketed during the year.