巴菲特致合伙人的信(1969年5月29日)(上)


May 29th, 1969 

1969年5月29日 

To My Partners:

About eighteen months ago I wrote to you regarding changed environmental and personal factors causing me to modify our future performance objectives.

致各位合伙人:

大约18个月前,我写信告诉大家,因为环境的改变,因为我个人情况的改变,我有必要调整一下我们未来的业绩目标。

The investing environment I discussed at that time (and on which I have commented in various other letters has generally become more negative and frustrating as time has passed. Maybe I am merely suffering from a lack of mental flexibility. (One observer commenting on security analysts over forty stated: “They know too many things that are no longer true.”)

我在那封信里讨论了当时的投资环境。在后来的信中,我也多次分析投资环境。总的来说,从那时起到现在,投资环境越来越恶劣,越来越艰难。或许是我脑筋死板不灵活。(有人这么评价四十岁以上的证券分析师:“他们知道的很多东西都过时了。”) 

However, it seems to me that: (1) opportunities for investment that are open to the analyst who stresses quantitative factors have virtually disappeared, after rather steadily drying up over the past twenty years; (2) our $100 million of assets further eliminates a large portion of this seemingly barren investment world, since commitments of less than about $3 million cannot have a real impact on our overall performance, and this virtually rules out companies with less than about $100 million of common stock at market value; and (3) a swelling interest in investment performance has created an increasingly short-term oriented and (in my opinion) more speculative market.

我现在看到的情况是:(1)通过定量分析能找到的投资机会,在过去二十年里稳步减少,现在几乎找不到了;(2)我们现在有1亿美元的资产,本来投资机会就少,还有很多我们买不了,因为300万美元以下的投资对我们的总体业绩没什么意义,市值1亿美元以下的股票,我们都不能买;(3)追逐投资业绩的人越来越多,股市的眼光越来越短,投机氛围越来越重。 

The October 9th, 1967 letter stated that personal considerations were the most important factor among those causing me to modify our objectives. I expressed a desire to be relieved of the (self-imposed) necessity of focusing 100% on BPL. I have flunked this test completely during the last eighteen months. The letter said: I hope limited objectives will make for more limited effort. It hasn't worked out that way. As long as I am “on stage”, publishing a regular record and assuming responsibility for management of what amounts to virtually 100% of the net worth of many partners, I will never be able to put sustained effort into any non-BPL activity. If I am going to participate publicly. I can't help being competitive. I know I don't want to be totally occupied with out-pacing an investment rabbit all my life. The only way to slow down is to stop.

我在1967年10月9日的信中说了,我之所以要调整目标有几个原因,其中最重要的原因是个人因素。我一直把100%的精力投入到巴菲特合伙基金中,这是我自己强加给自己的。在那封信中,我说了,我想摆脱这种压力。在过去这18个月里,我发现我根本做不到。我在信中说:“我希望目标定得低一些,我也可以少努力一些。”目标低了,但我的努力没少。只要我“在场上”,定期公开业绩,承担为众多合伙人管理资产的责任(很多合伙人把自己全部的资产都交给我打理),我就永远不可能无拘无束地去做合伙基金以外的事。只要我是公开参与,就忍不住要争强好胜。我心里明白,我不想自己一辈子都在比拼投资,都在和一只兔子赛跑。要慢下来只有一个办法:结束。 

Therefore, before yearend. I intend to give all limited partners the required formal notice of my intention to retire. There are, of course, a number of tax and legal problems in connection with liquidating the Partnership, but overall, I am concerned with working out a plan that attains the following objectives:

年底之前,我会向所有有限合伙人发出正式通知,就我退休的打算发出声明。清算合伙基金涉及大量纳税和法律问题,但是我最关心的是做好下面几件事: 

1.The most important item is that I have an alternative regarding money management to suggest to the many partners who do not want to handle this themselves. Some partners of course, have alternatives of their own in which they have confidence and find quite acceptable. To the others, however, I will not hand over their money with a "good luck". I intend to suggest an alternative money manager to whom I will entrust funds of my relatives and others for whom I have lifetime financial responsibility. This manager has integrity and ability and will probably perform as well or better than I would in the future (although nowhere close to what he or I have achieved in the past). He will be available to any partner, so that no minimum size for accounts will cause any of you a problem. I intend, in the future, to keep in general touch with what he is doing, but only on an infrequent basis with any advice on my part largely limited to a negative type.

1.最重要的一件事是,有许多合伙人不想自己打理资产,我要为他们推荐一个资产管理的途径。有些合伙人自己就有很多选择,他们对自己的选择很自信、也很放心。但是,有些合伙人则不然,我不能就把钱还给他们,说声“好运”,就完了。我打算向他们推荐另外一位资产管理人。无论是我的亲戚,还是我一生要为其提供投资建议的其他人,我都会放心的把他们的资金交给这个人管理。他人品和能力都很好,他将来的业绩可能和我继续做下去差不多(但肯定不如他或者我过去取得的业绩)。我们的任何合伙人都可以投资给他,没有账户最低金额的限制。将来,我会和他保持一定的联系,对他的投资情况有个大概了解,但只是偶尔关注,而且我提建议的话,基本上也只限于否定意见。 

2.I want all partners to have the option of receiving cash and possibly readily marketable securities (there will probably be only one where this will apply) where I like both the prospects and price but which partners will be able to freely convert to cash if they wish.

2.我希望所有合伙人都可以自由选择,愿意获得现金的可以获得现金,愿意获得有价证券的可以获得有价证券。有价证券中应该只有一只是可以随时卖出变现的。这些股票的前景和价格,是我都非常看好的,但是合伙人可以自由选择是否将有价证券变成现金。 

3.However, I also want all partners to have the option of maintaining their proportional interests in our two controlled companies (Diversified Retailing Company Inc. and Berkshire Hathaway Inc.) and one other small "restricted" holding. Because these securities will be valued unilaterally by me at fair value, I feel it is essential that, if you wish, you can maintain your proportionate interest at such valuation.

3.我也希望所有合伙人能有这个选择,即按权益比例相应获得我们的两家控股公司(多元零售公司和伯克希尔哈撒韦公司)和一家规模较小的“受限制的”公司的股份。因为这些股票的公允价值完全是我估算的,所以我认为一定要给各位这个选择权,如果愿意的话,各位可以根据我的估值,按权益比例获得控股公司的相应股份。 

However, these securities are not freely marketable (various SEC restrictions apply to “control” stock and non-registered stock) and they will probably be both non-transferable and non-income-producing for a considerable period of time. Therefore, I want you to be able to go either way in our liquidation - either stick with the restricted securities or take cash equivalent. I strongly like all of the people running our controlled businesses (joined now by the Illinois National Bank and Trust Company of Rockford, Illinois, a $100 million plus, extremely well-run bank, purchased by Berkshire Hathaway earlier this year), and want the relationship to be life long. I certainly have no desire to sell a good controlled business run by people I like and admire, merely to obtain a fancy price. However, specific conditions may cause the sale of one operating unit at some point.

但是,这些股票并不能在市场上自由买卖(SEC对控股股东的股票和未注册上市的股票有各种限制规定),而且在很长时间里可能也不能转让、不能带来收入。在清算过程中,我希望给各位提供自由选择权:留下受限制的股票或获得等价的现金。我特别欣赏我们的控股公司的经营者(我们又多了两个新成员:伊利诺伊国民银行(Illinois National Bank)和罗克福德信托公司(Trust Company of Rockford)。伊利诺伊国民银行是一家资产规模在1亿美元以上、经营特别出色的银行,是伯克希尔哈撒韦今年年初收购的),希望和他们的关系可以地久天长。控股公司有我欣赏和敬佩的经营者,就算别人出价再高,我都无意出售。但是,在特定情况下,可能会出售控股公司下面的某个业务部门。 

I believe we will have a liquidation program which will accomplish the above objectives. Our activities in this regard should cause no change in your tax planning for 1969.

在清算过程中,我们应该能把上面这几件事做好。我们的清算活动不会对各位1969年的纳税安排产生影响。

〔译文来源于梁孝永康所编《巴菲特致合伙人+致股东的信全集》〕

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