巴菲特致股东的信（1983年）
④账面盈余来源

Sources of Reported Earnings

     The table below shows the sources of Berkshire’s reported earnings. In 1982, Berkshire owned about 60% of Blue Chip Stamps whereas, in 1983, our ownership was 60% throughout the first six months and 100% thereafter. In turn, Berkshire’s net interest in Wesco was 48% during 1982 and the first six months of 1983, and 80% for the balance of 1983. Because of these changed ownership percentages, the first two columns of the table provide the best measure of underlying business performance.

帐面盈余来源
下表显示伯克希尔依照各个公司持股比例来列示帐面盈余的主要来源。在1982年伯克希尔拥有蓝筹印花60%的股权，但到了1983年下半年这个比例增加到100%，而蓝筹印花又拥有Wesco财务公司80%的股权，故伯克希尔间接拥有Wesco的股权亦由48%增加到80%。表的前两列提供了基础业务表现的最佳度量。

     All of the significant gains and losses attributable to unusual sales of assets by any of the business entities are aggregated with securities transactions on the line near the bottom of the table, and are not included in operating earnings. (We regard any annual figure for realized capital gains or losses as meaningless, but we regard the aggregate realized and unrealized capital gains over a period of years as very important.) Furthermore, amortization of Goodwill is not charged against the specific businesses but, for reasons outlined in the Appendix, is set forth as a separate item.

各个公司资本利得损失并不包含在内而是汇总于下表最后“已实现出售证券利得”一栏(我们认为单一年度的出售证券利得并无太大意义，但每年加总累计的数字却相当重要)，至于商誉的摊销不从具体业务中扣除，而是以单一字段另行列示，原因在附录中概述。

(1) October through December
(2) 1982 and 1983 are not comparable; major assets were transferred in the merger.

(1) 10月至12月
(2) 1982年与1983年不具有可比性；主要资产在合并中转换。

     For a discussion of the businesses owned by Wesco, please read Charlie Munger’s report on pages 46-51. Charlie replaced Louie Vincenti as Chairman of Wesco late in 1983 when health forced Louie’s retirement at age 77. In some instances, “health” is a euphemism, but in Louie’s case nothing but health would cause us to consider his retirement. Louie is a marvelous man and has been a marvelous manager.

有关Wesco旗下事业会在查理的报告中讨论，他在1983年底接替Louie Vincenti成为Wesco的董事长，Louie由于身体健康的关系以77岁年纪退休，有时健康因素只是借口，但是Louie这次情况确是事实，他实在是一位杰出的经理人。 

     The special GEICO distribution reported in the table arose when that company made a tender offer for a portion of its stock, buying both from us and other shareholders. At GEICO’s request, we tendered a quantity of shares that kept our ownership percentage the same after the transaction as before. The proportional nature of our sale permitted us to treat the proceeds as a dividend. Unlike individuals, corporations net considerably more when earnings are derived from dividends rather than from capital gains, since the effective Federal income tax rate on dividends is 6.9% versus 28% on capital gains.

盖可保险的特别股利系由于该公司自我们及其它股东手中买回自家股票，经过买回后我们持有的股权比例仍维持不变，整个买回股权的过程其实等于是发放股利一样，不像个人，由于企业收到股利的实际联邦税率6.9%较资本利得税率28%低得许多，故前者可让公司股东获得更多实质收益。

     Even with this special item added in, our total dividends from GEICO in 1983 were considerably less than our share of GEICO’s earnings. Thus it is perfectly appropriate, from both an accounting and economic standpoint, to include the redemption proceeds in our reported earnings. It is because the item is large and unusual that we call your attention to it.  

而即使把前述特别股利加入计算，我们在1983年从盖可保险所收到的现金股利还是远低于我们依比例所赚到的盈余，因此不论从会计或经济的角度来说，将这项额外收入计入盈余当中是再适当也不过了，但由于金额过于庞大因此我们必需特别加以说明。

     The table showing you our sources of earnings includes dividends from those non-controlled companies whose marketable equity securities we own. But the table does not include earnings those companies have retained that are applicable to our ownership. In aggregate and over time we expect those undistributed earnings to be reflected in market prices and to increase our intrinsic business value on a dollar-for-dollar basis, just as if those earnings had been under our control and reported as part of our profits. That does not mean we expect all of our holdings to behave uniformly; some will disappoint us, others will deliver pleasant surprises. To date our experience has been better than we originally anticipated, In aggregate, we have received far more than a dollar of market value gain for every dollar of earnings retained.

前表告诉大家我们盈余的来源，包括那些不具控制权的股权投资所收到的现金股利，但却不包括那些未予分配的盈余，就长期而言，这些盈余终将反映在公司的股票市价之上，而伯克希尔的内含价值亦会跟随着增加，虽然我们的持股不一定表现一致，有时让我们失望，但有时却会让我们惊喜，到目前为止，情况比我们当初预期的还要好，总得来说，最后所产生的市场价值要比当初我们保留的每一块钱还要高。 

     The following table shows our 1983 yearend net holdings in marketable equities. All numbers represent 100% of Berkshire’s holdings, and 80% of Wesco’s holdings. The portion attributable to minority shareholders of Wesco has been excluded.

下表显示在1983年底我们持有不具控制权的股权投资，所有的数字包含伯克希尔与80% Wesco的权益，剩下的20%已予以扣除: 

(a) WESCO owns shares in these companies.

(a)代表全部股权由伯克希尔及其子公司所持有
(b)代表由伯克希尔子公司蓝筹印花与Wesco所持有，依伯克希尔持股比例换算得来。

     Based upon present holdings and present dividend rates - excluding any special items such as the GEICO proportional redemption last year - we would expect reported dividends from this group to be approximately $39 million in 1984. We can also make a very rough guess about the earnings this group will retain that will be attributable to our ownership: these may total about $65 million for the year. These retained earnings could well have no immediate effect on market prices of the securities. Over time, however, we feel they will have real meaning.

依照目前持股情况与股利发放率(扣除去年盖可保险发放特别股利的特例)我们预期在1984年将收到约三千九百万美金的现金股利，而保留未予发放的盈余估计将达到六千五百万，虽然这些盈余对公司短期的股价将不会有太大影响，但长期来说终将显现出来。

     In addition to the figures already supplied, information regarding the businesses we control appears in Management’s Discussion on pages 40-44. The most significant of these are Buffalo Evening News, See’s, and the Insurance Group, to which we will give some special attention here.

除了已经提供的数字外，关于我们控制的业务的信息出现在管理层第40-44页的讨论中。其中最重要的是《布法罗晚报》、喜诗和保险集团，我们将在这里特别关注它们。

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