巴菲特致合伙人的信（1966年）④控股类⑤低估类（基于产业资本视角）

Controls

There were three main sources of gain during 1966 in respect to controlled companies. These arose through: (1) retained business earnings applicable to our holdings in 1966; (2) open market purchases of additional stock below our controlling interest valuation and; (3) unrealized appreciation in marketable securities held by the controlled companies. The total of all positive items came to $2,600,838 in 1966.

控股类

就我们控股的公司而言，1966年的收益主要有三个来源：(1)1966年归属于我们的留存收益；(2)以低于我们控股权益的价值在公开市场买入更多股票；(3)控股公司持有的有价证券的未实现增值。1966年，控股类的总收益是2,600,838美元。

However, due to factors mentioned in my November 1, 1966 letter, specific industry conditions, and other relevant valuation items, this gain was reduced by $1,034,780 in arriving at our fair valuation applicable to controlling interests as of December 31, 1966. Thus the overall gain in the control category was reduced to $1,566,058 for the year.

如1966年11月1日信所述，受行业状况和其他一些与估值相关的因素影响，在计算1966年12月31日控股权益的公允价值时，我们进行了1,034,780美元的减值，因此1966年控股类的整体收益下降到1,566,058美元。

We were undoubtedly fortunate that we had a relatively high percentage of net assets invested in businesses and not stocks during 1966. The same money in general market holdings would probably have produced a loss, perhaps substantial, during the year. This was not planned and if the stock market had advanced substantially during the year, this category would have been an important drag on overall performance. The same situation will prevail during 1967.

1966年，在我们的净资产中，我们对实体公司的投资高于对股票的投资，毫无疑问，在这一点上，我们占了便宜。如果将所有资金投入到股票中，我们今年可能会出现亏损，甚至是严重亏损。这不是事先有意为之。如果去年市场大涨，控股类可能严重拖累整体业绩。1967年仍然如此。

Generals -Private Owner

Our performance here falls in the "twenty-one dollars a day, once a month" category. In the middle of 1965 we started purchasing a very attractive widely held security which was selling far below its value to a private owner. Our hope was that over a two or three year period we could get $10 million or more invested at the favorable prices prevailing. The various businesses that the company operated were understandable and we could check out competitive strengths and weaknesses thoroughly with competitors, distributors, customers, suppliers, ex-employees, etc. Market conditions peculiar to the stock gave us hope that, with patience, we could buy substantial quantities of the stock without disturbing the price.

低估类（基于产业资本视角）

我们这类投资的表现就像“一天工资21美元，一个月就发一天的”。1965年年中，我们开始买入一只公众大量持股的股票，它价格非常便宜，远远低于产业资本所能给予的估值。当时，我们希望可以一直有这个价格，在两三年的时间里，能买到1000万美元以上的货。这家公司的各项业务，我们能看懂。它的竞争优势和弱点，我们可以从竞争对手、经销商、客户、供应商和前员工那里了解到。按照当时这只股票的行情，我们觉得，耐心一些，在不抬高价格的情况下买到大量的货，还是很有希望的。

At yearend 1965 we had invested $1,956,980 and the market value of our holding was $2,358,412 so that $401,432 was contributed to performance luring 1965. We would have preferred, of course, to have seen the market below cost since our interest was in additional buying, not in selling. This would have dampened Buffett Partnerships Ltd.’s 1965 performance and perhaps reduced the euphoria experienced by limited partners (psychically, the net result to all partners would have been a standoff since the general partner would have been floating) but would have enhanced long term performance. The fact that the stock had risen somewhat above our cost had already slowed down our buying program and thereby reduced ultimate profit.

1965年末，我们在这只股票上投入了1,956,980美元，持仓市值是2,358,412美元，它为1965年贡献了401,432美元的收益。因为我们还想接着买，不想卖，如果市场价格低于我们的成本价，那才好呢。果真如我所愿，它会拉低我们1965年的业绩，也会让有限合伙人的情绪比较低落（所有合伙人的整体情绪保持不变，因为普通合伙人会兴高采烈），但最后能给我们带来更高的长期业绩。这只股票涨了一些，现在高于我们的成本价了，我们已经放缓了买入的节奏，最后能赚到的利润减少了。

An even more dramatic example of the conflict between short term performance and the maximization of long term results occurred in 1966. Another party, previously completely unknown to me, issued a tender offer which foreclosed opportunities for future advantageous buying. I made the decision that the wisest course (it may not have been) for us to follow was to dispose of our holdings and we thus realized a total profit of $1,269,181 in February, of which $867,749 was applicable to 1966.

1966年，从这笔投资的进展中，我们更能看出短期收益与长期收益之间的矛盾。有人对这只股票提出了要约收购，以后再也没机会低价买入了。我以前根本没听说过这个要约收购方。根据当时的情况，我们认为我们最好的选择（将来未必如此）是卖出。于是，二月份，我们兑现了1,269,181美元的总利润，其中867,749美元归属于1966年。

While any gains looked particularly good in the market environment that intimately developed in 1966, you can be sure I don't delight in going round making molehills out of mountains. The molehill, of course, was reflected in 1966 results. However, we would have been much better off from a long range standpoint if 1966 results had been five percentage points worse and we were continuing to buy substantial quantities of the stock at the depressed prices that might have been expected to prevail in this year's market environment.

1966年的股市如何，我们都知道，在这样的市场环境里还能赚钱，那是相当抢眼了，但说真的，我不喜欢杀鸡取卵。1966年的业绩可以说是杀鸡取卵的结果。如果我们1966年的业绩低五个百分点，如果在去年的市场环境中，这只股票还是价格低廉，我们能一直大量买入，从长远的角度考虑，我们最终获得的收益会远远更高。

Good ideas were a dime a dozen, such a premature ending would not be unpleasant. There is something to be said, of course, for a business operation where some of the failures produce moderate profits. However, you can see how hard it is to develop replacement ideas by examining our average investment in the Private Owner category - we came up with nothing during the remainder of the year despite lower stock prices, which should have been conducive to finding such opportunities.

要是好机会遍地都是，这样一笔投资提前收网也没什么。如果生意多的是，一两笔没做好，利润一般，没多大关系。但是，看看我们的“低估类（基于产业资本视角）”中的平均投资额是多少，你就知道了。这笔投资结束后，新投资太难找了。去年卖出这只股票后，股市整体还是较低的，本来应该能比较容易找到投资机会，可我们一个新机会都没找到。