巴菲特致股东的信（1983年）②内布拉斯加家具店

Nebraska Furniture Mart

Last year, in discussing how managers with bright, but adrenalin-soaked minds scramble after foolish acquisitions, I quoted Pascal: “It has struck me that all the misfortunes of men spring from the single cause that they are unable to stay quietly in one room.”

内布拉斯加家具店

去年在提到许多经理人如何前扑后继追求一些愚蠢的购并案时，我们引用Pascal的话:“它使我想到所有的不幸皆归究于大家无法安静的待在一个房间内。”

Even Pascal would have left the room for Mrs. Blumkin.

但今年我要说:“Pascal也会为了Blumkin太太离开那个房间”。

About 67 years ago Mrs. Blumkin, then 23, talked her way past a border guard to leave Russia for America. She had no formal education, not even at the grammar school level, and knew no English. After some years in this country, she learned the language when her older daughter taught her, every evening, the words she had learned in school during the day.

大约67年前，当Blumkin太太23岁时，靠她一张嘴说服边界警卫逃离俄国来到美国，从未接受过正式教育(连小学也没有)，也不懂英文，许多年后靠着她的女儿每晚教她复习白天在学校所学的每一个字，她学会了英文。

In 1937, after many years of selling used clothing, Mrs. Blumkin had saved $500 with which to realize her dream of opening a furniture store. Upon seeing the American Furniture Mart in Chicago - then the center of the nation’s wholesale furniture activity - she decided to christen her dream Nebraska Furniture Mart.

而后在卖了许多年二手衣后，在1937年靠着省吃简用存下的500美金她实现梦想开了一家家具店，参酌当时全美最大家具交易中心-芝加哥美国家具店，她将之命名为内部拉斯加家具店。

She met every obstacle you would expect (and a few you wouldn’t) when a business endowed with only $500 and no locational or product advantage goes up against rich, long-entrenched competition. At one early point, when her tiny resources ran out, “Mrs. B” (a personal trademark now as well recognized in Greater Omaha as Coca-Cola or Sanka) coped in a way not taught at business schools: she simply sold the furniture and appliances from her home in order to pay creditors precisely as promised.

尔后她遭遇到你所能预期的各种困难(也包括你想不到的)，以500美金起家没有任何产品或地缘优势地去对抗资金雄厚、经营已久的同业竞争，在早期当她有限的资源损耗怠尽时，B太太(这个个人商标在大奥马哈地区与可口可乐齐名)甚至把家中所有值钱的东西变卖一空以维持信誉。

Omaha retailers began to recognize that Mrs. B would offer customers far better deals than they had been giving, and they pressured furniture and carpet manufacturers not to sell to her. But by various strategies she obtained merchandise and cut prices sharply. Mrs. B was then hauled into court for violation of Fair Trade laws. She not only won all the cases, but received invaluable publicity. At the end of one case, after demonstrating to the court that she could profitably sell carpet at a huge discount from the prevailing price, she sold the judge $1400 worth of carpet.

奥马哈的零售商在发现到B太太可以给顾客更低的价格时，便联手向家具及地毯工厂施压不要供货给B太太，但靠着各种不同的方法，她还是取得货源并大幅降价，甚至因而被告到法院违反公平交易法，但最后她不但赢得所有官司更大大打开了知名度，其中有一个案件，在法庭中为了证明即使以现行市价打一个大折扣后，她仍有所获利，结果她卖了一条地毯给法官。

Today Nebraska Furniture Mart generates over $100 million of sales annually out of one 200,000 square-foot store. No other home furnishings store in the country comes close to that volume. That single store also sells more furniture, carpets, and appliances than do all Omaha competitors combined.

今天内布拉斯加家具店一家20万平方呎的店面，年销售额却高达一亿美金，全美没有任何一家零售家具店可以比得上，它所卖的家具、地毯与家电用品比奥马哈所有其它业者加起来还多。

One question I always ask myself in appraising a business is how I would like, assuming I had ample capital and skilled personnel, to compete with it. I’d rather wrestle grizzlies than compete with Mrs. B and her progeny. They buy brilliantly, they operate at expense ratios competitors don’t even dream about, and they then pass on to their customers much of the savings. It’s the ideal business - one built upon exceptional value to the customer that in turn translates into exceptional economics for its owners.

当我们在评断一家公司的企业价值时，我常常会问自己一个问题:“假设我有足够的资金与人才时，我愿不愿意和这家公司竞争”，我宁愿和大灰熊摔角也不愿和B太太家族竞争，他们采购有一套，经营费用低到其竞争对手想都想不到的程度，然后再将所省下的每一分钱回馈给客人，这是一家理想中的企业，建立在为客户创造价值并转化为对所有者的经济利益的基础上。

Mrs. B is wise as well as smart and, for far-sighted family reasons, was willing to sell the business last year. I had admired both the family and the business for decades, and a deal was quickly made. But Mrs. B, now 90, is not one to go home and risk, as she puts it, “losing her marbles”. She remains Chairman and is on the sales floor seven days a week. Carpet sales are her specialty. She personally sells quantities that would be a good departmental total for other carpet retailers.

B太太凭借其高瞻远瞩与家族因素考量终于决定于去年出售公司给我们，我对这个家族与其事业已欣赏了数十年，所以整个交易很快便敲定，但B太太并没有马上回家休息如同她所说的失去斗志，相反的她仍持续担任公司的负责人，每周七天都待在卖场，其中销售地毯更是她的擅长，一个人的业绩便足以打败所有其它零售业者。

We purchased 90% of the business - leaving 10% with members of the family who are involved in management - and have optioned 10% to certain key young family managers.

我们一共买下九成股权，剩下的一成由原有管理公司的家族成员拥有，另还预留一成的认购权给有潜力的年轻人。

And what managers they are. Geneticists should do handsprings over the Blumkin family. Louie Blumkin, Mrs. B’s son, has been President of Nebraska Furniture Mart for many years and is widely regarded as the shrewdest buyer of furniture and appliances in the country. Louie says he had the best teacher, and Mrs. B says she had the best student. They’re both right. Louie and his three sons all have the Blumkin business ability, work ethic, and, most important, character. On top of that, they are really nice people. We are delighted to be in partnership with them.

遗传学家应好好研究Blumkin家族为何皆能成为优秀的经理人？Louie Blumkin-B太太的儿子担任内布拉斯加家具店的总经理已有好多年且被公认为最精明的家具与家电用品的最佳采购者，他说因为他有最好的老师，而B太太则说她有最优秀的学生，两者的说法完全正确，Louie跟他三个儿子皆继承了Blumkin家族优秀的管理能力、勤奋工作与最重要的正直的人格特质，他们实在是不错的合伙人，很高兴能与他们一起合作。

Nebraska Furniture Mart Last year, in discussing how managers with bright, but adrenalin-soaked minds scramble after foolish acquisitions, I quoted Pascal: “It has struck me that all the misfortunes of men spring from the single cause that they are unable to stay quietly in one room.”

Even Pascal would have left the room for Mrs. Blumkin.

Today Nebraska Furniture Mart generates over $100 million of sales annually out of one 200,000 square-foot store. No other home furnishings store in the country comes close to that volume. That single store also sells more furniture, carpets, and appliances than do all Omaha competitors combined.

We purchased 90% of the business - leaving 10% with members of the family who are involved in management - and have optioned 10% to certain key young family managers.

Nebraska Furniture Mart

Last year, in discussing how managers with bright, but adrenalin-soaked minds scramble after foolish acquisitions, I quoted Pascal: “It has struck me that all the misfortunes of men spring from the single cause that they are unable to stay quietly in one room.”